{"id":88,"date":"2015-09-07T16:41:16","date_gmt":"2015-09-07T15:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.haxed.me.uk\/?p=88"},"modified":"2015-09-07T16:42:26","modified_gmt":"2015-09-07T15:42:26","slug":"mounting-a-disk-in-linux-operating-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/2015\/09\/07\/mounting-a-disk-in-linux-operating-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Mounting A disk in Linux Operating Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"

So, apparently, some people aren’t sure how to properly add a new disk to a Linux server. Well, it’s pretty simple if you are using something like Cloud Block Storage and have ondemand. But even if you don’t, after adding the disk into your Linux machine, here is the process of going about adding a standard disk, fdisking (partitioning), formating (mkfs), and the mounting process itself, including that in fstab.<\/p>\n

Step 1. List the disk’s on the box<\/p>\n

 \r\n$ fdisk -l\r\n\r\nDevice     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\r\n\/dev\/xvda1 *     2048 41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux\r\n\r\nDisk \/dev\/xvdb: 75 GiB, 80530636800 bytes, 157286400 sectors\r\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/pre>\n
As we can see the new 75GiB drive I added hasn’t any file system on it yet. <\/p>\n
Step 2. Let’s start partitioning the disk <\/p>\n
\r\n$ fdisk \/dev\/xvdb\r\n\r\nDevice     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\r\n\/dev\/xvda1 *     2048 41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux\r\n\r\nDisk \/dev\/xvdb: 75 GiB, 80530636800 bytes, 157286400 sectors\r\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\n<\/pre>\n
Step 3. Let’s create a new partition using ‘n’ key, and then let’s state we want a primary partition using ‘p’.
\nStep 4: Let’s set the first and last sectors of the disk (you can type enter and the machine will normally chose something sane for you). It’s also possible to add multiple partitions of a single device, but for this tutorial we won’t be covering that.<\/p>\n
\r\n\r\nCommand (m for help): n\r\nPartition type\r\n   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)\r\n   e   extended (container for logical partitions)\r\n\r\nSelect (default p): p\r\n\r\nPartition number (1-4, default 1): 1\r\nFirst sector (2048-157286399, default 2048): \r\nLast sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-157286399, default 157286399): \r\n\r\nCreated a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 75 GiB.\r\n<\/pre>\n
Step 4. Write the disk using the ‘w’ key, and then after it’s finished confirm with fdisk that new partition is present.<\/p>\n
\r\n\r\nCommand (m for help): w\r\nThe partition table has been altered.\r\nCalling ioctl() to re-read partition table.\r\nSyncing disks.\r\n\r\nroot@tesladump:\/home# fdisk -l\r\n\r\nDisk \/dev\/xvda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors\r\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nDisklabel type: dos\r\nDisk identifier: 0x0c708d98\r\n\r\nDevice     Boot Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type\r\n\/dev\/xvda1 *     2048 41940991 41938944  20G 83 Linux\r\n\r\nDisk \/dev\/xvdb: 75 GiB, 80530636800 bytes, 157286400 sectors\r\nUnits: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes\r\nSector size (logical\/physical): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nI\/O size (minimum\/optimal): 512 bytes \/ 512 bytes\r\nDisklabel type: dos\r\nDisk identifier: 0x07c2e0a6\r\n\r\nDevice     Boot Start       End   Sectors Size Id Type\r\n\/dev\/xvdb1       2048 157286399 157284352  75G 83 Linux\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Now the disk has been partitioned.<\/p>\n
Step 5. So lets create an (EXT3) file system on the device.<\/p>\n
\r\n\r\n$ mkfs -t ext3 \/dev\/xvdb1\r\n\r\nmke2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)\r\nCreating filesystem with 19660544 4k blocks and 4915200 inodes\r\nFilesystem UUID: c717ddbd-d5c9-4bb1-a8af-b521d38cbb14\r\nSuperblock backups stored on blocks: \r\n\t32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, \r\n\t4096000, 7962624, 11239424\r\n\r\nAllocating group tables: done                            \r\nWriting inode tables: done                            \r\nCreating journal (32768 blocks): done\r\nWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done   \r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
So that is the file system done. Now all we need to do is mount it. We can do that thru the \/etc\/fstab file, and also using the mount -a command.<\/p>\n
Step 6. Simply we edit our \/etc\/fstab to accommodate the new disk<\/p>\n
 \r\n\r\n# \/etc\/fstab: static file system information.\r\n#\r\n# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a\r\n# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices\r\n# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).\r\n#\r\n#                \r\n\/dev\/xvda1      \/               ext3    errors=remount-ro,noatime,barrier=0 0       1\r\n\r\n\r\n\/dev\/xvdb1      \/home\/thetesladump ext3 defaults,noatime,nofail 0    0<\/strong>\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Here we choose to mount the partition1  \/dev\/xvdb (\/dev\/xvdb1) on the symlink directory \/home\/thetesladump . A little FTP I temporarily wanted to host.<\/p>\n
So we setup the new 75Gig cloud block device to be mounted at the ftp user thetesladump’s root home user directory. All ready to go. wooo.<\/p>\n
Step 7. Complete hte process by running a mount -a<\/p>\n
 \r\n\r\nmount -a\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n
Step 8. Confirm your disks are mounted where you wanted<\/p>\n
\r\n\r\nroot@tesladump:\/home\/theteslasociety# df -h\r\nFilesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\r\n\/dev\/xvda1       20G  1.1G   18G   6% \/\r\nudev             10M     0   10M   0% \/dev\r\ntmpfs           199M   21M  179M  11% \/run\r\ntmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% \/dev\/shm\r\ntmpfs           5.0M     0  5.0M   0% \/run\/lock\r\ntmpfs           498M     0  498M   0% \/sys\/fs\/cgroup\r\n\/dev\/xvdb1       74G  178M   70G   1% \/home\/thetesladump\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
So, apparently, some people aren’t sure how to properly add a new disk to a Linux server. Well, it’s pretty simple if you are using something like Cloud Block Storage and have ondemand. But even if you don’t, after adding … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,9,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-88","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-filesystem","category-linux","category-management-tools"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/88\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=88"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haxed.me.uk\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}